Adding code

85 files changed, 1139 insertions, 142 deletions

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e623549
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+NAME=kernel
+TEX_FILE=$(NAME).tex
+BIB_FILE=$(NAME).bib
+PDF_FILE=$(NAME).pdf
+
+.PHONY: all
+
+all: $(PDF_FILE)
+
+$(PDF_FILE): $(TEX_FILE) $(BIB_FILE)
+	pdflatex $(TEX_FILE)
+	bibtex $(NAME)
+	pdflatex $(TEX_FILE)
diff --git a/include/binutils/binutils1 b/include/00.alati/binutils/binutils1
index d24267d..d24267d 100644
--- a/include/binutils/binutils1
+++ b/include/00.alati/binutils/binutils1
diff --git a/include/binutils/binutils2 b/include/00.alati/binutils/binutils2
index d99af99..d99af99 100644
--- a/include/binutils/binutils2
+++ b/include/00.alati/binutils/binutils2
diff --git a/include/binutils/exportsysroot b/include/00.alati/binutils/exportsysroot
index 5d61861..5d61861 100644
--- a/include/binutils/exportsysroot
+++ b/include/00.alati/binutils/exportsysroot
diff --git a/include/gcc/gcc1 b/include/00.alati/gcc/gcc1
index c555f2c..c555f2c 100644
--- a/include/gcc/gcc1
+++ b/include/00.alati/gcc/gcc1
diff --git a/include/gcc/gcc2 b/include/00.alati/gcc/gcc2
index d406f6c..d406f6c 100644
--- a/include/gcc/gcc2
+++ b/include/00.alati/gcc/gcc2
diff --git a/include/01.pocetak/boot00.s b/include/01.pocetak/boot00.s
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e1bfbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/01.pocetak/boot00.s
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.set ALIGN,    1<<0
+.set MEMINFO,  1<<1
+.set FLAGS,    ALIGN | MEMINFO
+.set MAGIC,    0x1BADB002
+.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS)
diff --git a/include/01.pocetak/boot01.s b/include/01.pocetak/boot01.s
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd7b353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/01.pocetak/boot01.s
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.section .multiboot
+.align 4
+.long MAGIC
+.long FLAGS
+.long CHECKSUM
diff --git a/include/01.pocetak/boot02.s b/include/01.pocetak/boot02.s
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9280a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/01.pocetak/boot02.s
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.section .bss
+.align 16
+stack_bottom:
+.skip 16384
+stack_top:
diff --git a/include/01.pocetak/boot03.s b/include/01.pocetak/boot03.s
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46a4e7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/01.pocetak/boot03.s
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.section .text
+.global _start
+.type _start, @function
+_start:
+	mov $stack_top, %esp
+	call kernel_main
+	cli
+1:	hlt
+	jmp 1b
+ 
+.size _start, . - _start
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga00.c b/include/02.vga/vga00.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfee578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga00.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include<types.h>
+#include<string.h>
+#include<asm.h>
+#include<vga.h>
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga01.c b/include/02.vga/vga01.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be0ba00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga01.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+size_t terminal_row;
+size_t terminal_column;
+uint8_t terminal_color;
+uint16_t* terminal_buffer;
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga02.c b/include/02.vga/vga02.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a12424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga02.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+void set_color(enum vga_color fg, enum vga_color bg)
+{
+    terminal_color = fg | bg << 4;
+}
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga03.c b/include/02.vga/vga03.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..173e598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga03.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+static inline uint16_t vga_entry(unsigned char uc, uint8_t color)
+{
+    return (uint16_t) uc | (uint16_t) color << 8;
+}
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga04.c b/include/02.vga/vga04.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50a7d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga04.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+void terminal_initialize()
+{
+    terminal_row=0;
+    terminal_column=0;
+    set_color(VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY, VGA_COLOR_BLACK);
+    terminal_buffer=(uint16_t*) 0xB8000;
+    for(size_t y=0;y<VGA_HEIGHT;y++)
+    {
+	for(size_t x=0;x<VGA_WIDTH;x++)
+	{
+	    const size_t index=y*VGA_WIDTH+x;
+	    terminal_buffer[index]=vga_entry(' ', terminal_color);
+	}
+    }
+}
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga05.c b/include/02.vga/vga05.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7079bf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga05.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+void terminal_putentryat(char c, uint8_t color, size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    const size_t index=y*VGA_WIDTH+x;
+    terminal_buffer[index]=vga_entry(c, color);
+}
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga06.c b/include/02.vga/vga06.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f00a403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga06.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+void movescreen()
+{
+    terminal_row--;
+    for(size_t i=0;i<VGA_HEIGHT;i++) for(size_t j=0;j<VGA_WIDTH;j++) terminal_buffer[i*VGA_WIDTH+j]=terminal_buffer[(i+1)*VGA_WIDTH+j];
+}
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga07.c b/include/02.vga/vga07.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfb7051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga07.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+void next_field()
+{
+    if(++terminal_column==VGA_WIDTH) terminal_column=0,terminal_row++;
+}
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga08.c b/include/02.vga/vga08.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e1236d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga08.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+void previous_field()
+{
+    if(terminal_column) terminal_column--;
+    else terminal_row--,terminal_column=VGA_WIDTH-1;
+}
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga09.c b/include/02.vga/vga09.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71e5b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga09.c
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+void terminal_putchar(char c)
+{
+    if(c=='\n') terminal_column=0,terminal_row++;
+    else
+    {
+	terminal_putentryat(c, terminal_color, terminal_column, terminal_row);
+	next_field();
+    }
+    if (terminal_row==VGA_HEIGHT) movescreen();
+}
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga10.c b/include/02.vga/vga10.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a757f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga10.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+void terminal_writestring(char* data)
+{
+    for(int i=0;data[i]!='\0';i++) terminal_putchar(data[i]);
+}
diff --git a/include/02.vga/vga11.c b/include/02.vga/vga11.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efe6d3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/02.vga/vga11.c
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+void clear()
+{
+    for(size_t i=0;i<VGA_HEIGHT;i++) for(size_t j=0;j<VGA_WIDTH;j++) terminal_putchar(' ');
+    terminal_column=0;
+    terminal_row=0;
+}
diff --git a/include/03.gdt/gdt00.c b/include/03.gdt/gdt00.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c45e28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/03.gdt/gdt00.c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include<types.h>
diff --git a/include/03.gdt/gdt01.c b/include/03.gdt/gdt01.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbc5e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/03.gdt/gdt01.c
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+struct gdt_entry
+{
+    uint16_t limit;
+    uint16_t base1;
+    uint8_t base2;
+    uint8_t access;
+    uint8_t limit_flags;
+    uint8_t base3;
+} __attribute__((packed));
diff --git a/include/03.gdt/gdt02.c b/include/03.gdt/gdt02.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e708661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/03.gdt/gdt02.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+struct gdt_pointer
+{
+    uint16_t size;
+    uint32_t offset;
+} __attribute__((packed));
diff --git a/include/03.gdt/gdt03.c b/include/03.gdt/gdt03.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94c8cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/03.gdt/gdt03.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+extern void load_gdt(struct gdt_pointer *gdtp);
+struct gdt_entry gdt[5];
+struct gdt_pointer gdtp;
diff --git a/include/03.gdt/gdt04.c b/include/03.gdt/gdt04.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d6a1f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/03.gdt/gdt04.c
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+void init_gdt_entry(size_t num, uint32_t limit, uint32_t base, uint8_t access, uint8_t limit_flags)
+{
+    gdt[num].limit=limit;
+    gdt[num].base1=(base & 0xffff);
+    gdt[num].base2=(base & 0xff0000) >> 16;
+    gdt[num].access=access;
+    gdt[num].limit_flags=limit_flags;
+    gdt[num].base3=(base & 0xff000000) >> 24;
+}
diff --git a/include/03.gdt/gdt05.c b/include/03.gdt/gdt05.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d525a13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/03.gdt/gdt05.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+void init_gdt_table()
+{
+    gdtp.size=sizeof(gdt)-1;
+    gdtp.offset=(uint32_t)&gdt;
+
+    init_gdt_entry(0,0,0,0,0);					// null segment
+    init_gdt_entry(1,0xffffffff,0,0b10011010,0b11001111);	// code segment
+    init_gdt_entry(2,0xffffffff,0,0b10010010,0b11001111);	// data segment
+    init_gdt_entry(3,0xffffffff,0,0b11111010,0b11001111);	// user mode code segment
+    init_gdt_entry(4,0xffffffff,0,0b11110010,0b11001111);	// user mode data segment
+
+    load_gdt(&gdtp);
+}
diff --git a/include/04.idt/idt00.c b/include/04.idt/idt00.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c174c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/04.idt/idt00.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include<types.h>
+#include<irq.h>
+#include<asm.h>
diff --git a/include/04.idt/idt01.c b/include/04.idt/idt01.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2b91e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/04.idt/idt01.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#define INTERRUPT_GATE_32 0x8E
+#define KERNEL_CODE 0x08
+#define KERNEL_DATA 0x10
+#define PIC1_COMMAND_PORT 0x20
+#define PIC1_DATA_PORT 0x21
+#define PIC2_COMMAND_PORT 0xA0
+#define PIC2_DATA_PORT 0xA1
diff --git a/include/04.idt/idt02.c b/include/04.idt/idt02.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcab25c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/04.idt/idt02.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+struct idt_entry
+{
+    uint16_t offset1;
+    uint16_t selector;
+    uint8_t zero;
+    uint8_t type_attr;
+    uint16_t offset2;
+} __attribute__((packed));
diff --git a/include/04.idt/idt03.c b/include/04.idt/idt03.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe1bff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/04.idt/idt03.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+struct idt_pointer
+{
+    uint16_t size;
+    uint32_t offset;
+} __attribute__((packed));
diff --git a/include/04.idt/idt04.c b/include/04.idt/idt04.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..329ce75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/04.idt/idt04.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+extern void load_idt(struct idt_pointer *idtp);
+extern void keyboard_irq();
+struct idt_entry idt[256];
+struct idt_pointer idtp;
diff --git a/include/04.idt/idt05.c b/include/04.idt/idt05.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d11c19e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/04.idt/idt05.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+void init_idt_entry(size_t num, uint32_t offset, uint16_t selector, uint8_t type_attr)
+{
+    idt[num].offset1=(offset & 0xffff);
+    idt[num].selector=selector;
+    idt[num].zero=0;
+    idt[num].type_attr=type_attr;
+    idt[num].offset2=(offset & 0xffff0000)>>16;
+}
diff --git a/include/04.idt/idt06.c b/include/04.idt/idt06.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..409dd15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/04.idt/idt06.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+void add_idt_entry(size_t num,uint32_t offset)
+{
+    init_idt_entry(num,offset,KERNEL_CODE,INTERRUPT_GATE_32);
+}
diff --git a/include/05.irq/idt07.c b/include/05.irq/idt07.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0d32d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/05.irq/idt07.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+void init_pic()
+{
+    ioport_out(PIC1_COMMAND_PORT, 0x11);
+    ioport_out(PIC2_COMMAND_PORT, 0x11);
+    ioport_out(PIC1_DATA_PORT, 0x20);
+    ioport_out(PIC2_DATA_PORT, 0x28);
+    ioport_out(PIC1_DATA_PORT, 0x04);
+    ioport_out(PIC2_DATA_PORT, 0x02);
+    ioport_out(PIC1_DATA_PORT, 0x01);
+    ioport_out(PIC2_DATA_PORT, 0x01);
+    ioport_out(PIC1_DATA_PORT, 0xff);
+    ioport_out(PIC2_DATA_PORT, 0xff);
+
+    ioport_out(PIC1_DATA_PORT, 0xFC);
+}
diff --git a/include/05.irq/idt08.c b/include/05.irq/idt08.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5754f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/05.irq/idt08.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+void init_idt_table()
+{
+    init_pic();
+    add_idt_entry(0,(uint32_t)irq0);
+    add_idt_entry(1,(uint32_t)irq1);
+    add_idt_entry(2,(uint32_t)irq2);
+    add_idt_entry(3,(uint32_t)irq3);
+    add_idt_entry(4,(uint32_t)irq4);
+    add_idt_entry(5,(uint32_t)irq5);
+    add_idt_entry(6,(uint32_t)irq6);
+    add_idt_entry(7,(uint32_t)irq7);
+    add_idt_entry(8,(uint32_t)irq8);
+    add_idt_entry(9,(uint32_t)irq9);
+    add_idt_entry(10,(uint32_t)irq10);
+    add_idt_entry(11,(uint32_t)irq11);
+    add_idt_entry(12,(uint32_t)irq12);
+    add_idt_entry(13,(uint32_t)irq13);
+    add_idt_entry(14,(uint32_t)irq14);
+    add_idt_entry(15,(uint32_t)irq15);
+    add_idt_entry(16,(uint32_t)irq16);
+    add_idt_entry(17,(uint32_t)irq17);
+    add_idt_entry(18,(uint32_t)irq18);
+    add_idt_entry(19,(uint32_t)irq19);
+    add_idt_entry(20,(uint32_t)irq20);
+    add_idt_entry(21,(uint32_t)irq21);
+    add_idt_entry(22,(uint32_t)irq22);
+    add_idt_entry(23,(uint32_t)irq23);
+    add_idt_entry(24,(uint32_t)irq24);
+    add_idt_entry(25,(uint32_t)irq25);
+    add_idt_entry(26,(uint32_t)irq26);
+    add_idt_entry(27,(uint32_t)irq27);
+    add_idt_entry(28,(uint32_t)irq28);
+    add_idt_entry(29,(uint32_t)irq29);
+    add_idt_entry(30,(uint32_t)irq30);
+    add_idt_entry(31,(uint32_t)irq31);
+    add_idt_entry(32,(uint32_t)timer_irq);
+    add_idt_entry(33,(uint32_t)keyboard_irq);
+
+    idtp.size=sizeof(struct idt_entry)*256-1;
+    idtp.offset=(uint32_t)&idt;
+
+
+    load_idt(&idtp);
+}
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard00.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard00.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13fd550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard00.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include<types.h>
+#include<asm.h>
+#include<stdio.h>
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard01.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard01.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50d7c07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard01.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 200
+#define BUFFER_LOG 200
+char buffer[BUFFER_LOG][BUFFER_SIZE];
+size_t buffer_size[BUFFER_LOG];
+size_t buffer_current=0;
+size_t buffer_all=0;
+size_t buffer_index=0;
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard02.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard02.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..239c874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard02.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#define PIC1_COMMAND_PORT 0x20
+#define PIC1_DATA_PORT 0x21
+#define PIC2_COMMAND_PORT 0xA0
+#define PIC2_DATA_PORT 0xA1
+// IO Ports for Keyboard
+#define KEYBOARD_DATA_PORT 0x60
+#define KEYBOARD_STATUS_PORT 0x64
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard03.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard03.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3322fd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard03.c
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+void previous_field(void);
+void tty(char *buffer);
+void prompt(void);
+void clear();
+void us_en(char keymap[]);
+void us_en_shift(char keymap[]);
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard04.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard04.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc6e7d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard04.c
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+char charcode[256];
+char shift_charcode[256];
+bool ispressed[128];
+#define lshift ispressed[0x2A]
+#define rshift ispressed[0x36]
+#define lctrl ispressed[0x1D]
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard05.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard05.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c089ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard05.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+void init_keyboard()
+{
+    us_en(charcode);
+    us_en_shift(shift_charcode);
+}
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard06.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard06.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55e04b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard06.c
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+void deletelast()
+{
+    previous_field();
+    printf(" ");
+    previous_field();
+}
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard07.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard07.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..480abb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard07.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+void backspace()
+{
+    if(buffer_index<=0) return;
+
+    deletelast();
+    buffer[buffer_current][--buffer_index]='\0';
+    return;
+}
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard08.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard08.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..822e038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard08.c
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+void enter()
+{
+    printf("\n");
+    if(buffer_index>0)
+    {
+	tty(buffer[buffer_current]);
+	buffer_size[buffer_current]=buffer_index;
+	if(buffer_current==buffer_all) buffer_current=(++buffer_all);
+	else
+	{
+	    for(size_t i=0;i<BUFFER_SIZE;i++) buffer[buffer_all][i]='\0';
+	    buffer_current=buffer_all;
+	}
+	buffer_index=0;
+    }
+    prompt();
+    return;
+}
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard09.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard09.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33bc64b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard09.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+void space()
+{
+    buffer[buffer_current][buffer_index++]=' ';
+    printf(" ");
+}
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard10.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard10.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c6d048
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard10.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+void keyup()
+{
+    if(buffer_current>0)
+    {
+	buffer_size[buffer_current]=buffer_index;
+	for(size_t i=0;i<buffer_index;i++) deletelast();
+	buffer_current--;
+	buffer_index=buffer_size[buffer_current];
+	printf("%s",buffer[buffer_current]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard11.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard11.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50841fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard11.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+void keydown()
+{
+    if(buffer_current<buffer_all)
+    {
+	buffer_size[buffer_current]=buffer_index;
+	for(size_t i=0;i<buffer_index;i++) deletelast();
+	buffer_current++;
+	buffer_index=buffer_size[buffer_current];
+	printf("%s",buffer[buffer_current]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/include/06.keyboard/keyboard12.c b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard12.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0a8a0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/06.keyboard/keyboard12.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+void keyboard_handler()
+{
+    ioport_out(PIC1_COMMAND_PORT, 0x20);
+    uint8_t status = ioport_in(KEYBOARD_STATUS_PORT);
+
+    if (status & 0x1)
+    {
+	uint8_t keycode = ioport_in(KEYBOARD_DATA_PORT);
+	if(keycode<0x80)
+	{
+	    ispressed[keycode]=1;
+	    if(keycode==0x0E) backspace();
+	    else if(keycode==0x1C) enter();
+	    else if(keycode==0x39) space();
+	    else if(keycode==72) keyup();
+	    else if(keycode==80) keydown();
+	    else if(keycode==75) keyleft();
+	    else if(keycode==77) keyright();
+	    else
+	    {
+		char c=charcode[keycode];
+		if(c!=' ')
+		{
+		    if(lctrl)
+		    {
+			if(c=='l')
+			{
+			    clear();
+			    prompt();
+			    printf("%s",buffer[buffer_current]);
+			    return;
+			}
+		    }
+		    if(lshift||rshift)
+		    {
+			c=shift_charcode[keycode];
+		    }
+		    buffer[buffer_current][buffer_index++]=c;
+		    printf("%c",c);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    ispressed[keycode-0x80]=0;
+	}
+    }
+}
diff --git a/include/07.pit/pit00.c b/include/07.pit/pit00.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13fd550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/07.pit/pit00.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include<types.h>
+#include<asm.h>
+#include<stdio.h>
diff --git a/include/07.pit/pit01.c b/include/07.pit/pit01.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c199373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/07.pit/pit01.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+void add_idt_entry(size_t num,uint32_t offset);
+uint32_t tick=0;
+const uint32_t TICKS_PER_SECOND=50;
+extern uint32_t time;
+uint32_t time=0;
diff --git a/include/07.pit/pit02.c b/include/07.pit/pit02.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..523d14b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/07.pit/pit02.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+void timer_handler()
+{
+    tick++;
+    if(tick==TICKS_PER_SECOND)
+    {
+	//printf("%d seconds passed\n",time);
+	tick=0;
+	time++;
+    }
+
+    ioport_out(0x20, 0x20);
+    ioport_out(0xa0,0x20);
+}
diff --git a/include/07.pit/pit03.c b/include/07.pit/pit03.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..287adba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/07.pit/pit03.c
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+void init_timer(uint32_t frequency)
+{
+    // Firstly, register our timer callback.
+
+    // The value we send to the PIT is the value to divide it's input clock
+    // (1193180 Hz) by, to get our required frequency. Important to note is
+    // that the divisor must be small enough to fit into 16-bits.
+    uint32_t divisor = 1193180 / frequency;
+
+    // Send the command byte.
+    ioport_out(0x43, 0x36);
+
+    // Divisor has to be sent byte-wise, so split here into upper/lower bytes.
+    uint8_t l = (uint8_t)(divisor & 0xFF);
+    uint8_t h = (uint8_t)( (divisor>>8) & 0xFF );
+
+    // Send the frequency divisor.
+    ioport_out(0x40, l);
+    ioport_out(0x40, h);
+}
diff --git a/include/08.heap/heap00.c b/include/08.heap/heap00.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c45e28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/08.heap/heap00.c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include<types.h>
diff --git a/include/08.heap/heap01.c b/include/08.heap/heap01.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7f4f84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/08.heap/heap01.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+typedef struct _KHEAPBLOCKBM {
+	struct _KHEAPBLOCKBM	                *next;
+	uint32_t				size;
+	uint32_t				used;
+	uint32_t				bsize;
+        uint32_t                                lfb;
+} KHEAPBLOCKBM;
diff --git a/include/08.heap/heap02.c b/include/08.heap/heap02.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e46dc38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/08.heap/heap02.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+typedef struct _KHEAPBM {
+	KHEAPBLOCKBM			*fblock;
+} KHEAPBM;
diff --git a/include/08.heap/heap03.c b/include/08.heap/heap03.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e2fe89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/08.heap/heap03.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+void k_heapBMInit(KHEAPBM *heap) {
+	heap->fblock = 0;
+}
diff --git a/include/08.heap/heap04.c b/include/08.heap/heap04.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be39951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/08.heap/heap04.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+int k_heapBMAddBlock(KHEAPBM *heap, uintptr_t addr, uint32_t size, uint32_t bsize) {
+	KHEAPBLOCKBM		*b;
+	uint32_t		bcnt;
+	uint32_t		x;
+	uint8_t			*bm;
+ 
+	b = (KHEAPBLOCKBM*)addr;
+	b->size = size - sizeof(KHEAPBLOCKBM);
+	b->bsize = bsize;
+ 
+	b->next = heap->fblock;
+	heap->fblock = b;
+ 
+	bcnt = b->size / b->bsize;
+	bm = (uint8_t*)&b[1];
+ 
+	/* clear bitmap */
+	for (x = 0; x < bcnt; ++x) {
+			bm[x] = 0;
+	}
+ 
+	/* reserve room for bitmap */
+	bcnt = (bcnt / bsize) * bsize < bcnt ? bcnt / bsize + 1 : bcnt / bsize;
+	for (x = 0; x < bcnt; ++x) {
+			bm[x] = 5;
+	}
+ 
+	b->lfb = bcnt - 1;
+ 
+	b->used = bcnt;
+ 
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/include/08.heap/heap05.c b/include/08.heap/heap05.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1856ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/08.heap/heap05.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+static uint8_t k_heapBMGetNID(uint8_t a, uint8_t b) {
+	uint8_t		c;	
+	for (c = a + 1; c == b || c == 0; ++c);
+	return c;
+}
diff --git a/include/08.heap/heap06.c b/include/08.heap/heap06.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad2787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/08.heap/heap06.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+void *k_heapBMAlloc(KHEAPBM *heap, uint32_t size) {
+	KHEAPBLOCKBM			*b;
+	uint8_t				*bm;
+	uint32_t			bcnt;
+	uint32_t			x, y, z;
+	uint32_t			bneed;
+	uint8_t				nid;
+ 
+	/* iterate blocks */
+	for (b = heap->fblock; b; b = b->next) {
+	    //printf("size:%d,used:%d,bsize:%d,lfb:%d\n",b->size,b->used,b->bsize,b->lfb);
+		/* check if block has enough room */
+		if (b->size - (b->used * b->bsize) >= size) {
+ 
+			bcnt = b->size / b->bsize;		
+			bneed = (size / b->bsize) * b->bsize < size ? size / b->bsize + 1 : size / b->bsize;
+			bm = (uint8_t*)&b[1];
+			//printf("bcnt:%d,bneed:%d,bm:%d\n",bcnt,bneed,bm);
+ 
+			for (x = (b->lfb + 1 >= bcnt ? 0 : b->lfb + 1); x != b->lfb; ++x) {
+				/* just wrap around */
+				if (x >= bcnt) {
+					x = 0;
+				}		
+ 
+				if (bm[x] == 0) {	
+					/* count free blocks */
+					for (y = 0; bm[x + y] == 0 && y < bneed && (x + y) < bcnt; ++y);
+ 
+					/* we have enough, now allocate them */
+					if (y == bneed) {
+						/* find ID that does not match left or right */
+						nid = k_heapBMGetNID(bm[x - 1], bm[x + y]);
+ 
+						/* allocate by setting id */
+						for (z = 0; z < y; ++z) {
+							bm[x + z] = nid;
+						}
+ 
+						/* optimization */
+						b->lfb = (x + bneed) - 2;
+ 
+						/* count used blocks NOT bytes */
+						b->used += y;
+ 
+						return (void*)(x * b->bsize + (uintptr_t)&b[1]);
+					}
+ 
+					/* x will be incremented by one ONCE more in our FOR loop */
+					x += (y - 1);
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+ 
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/include/08.heap/heap07.c b/include/08.heap/heap07.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5686cd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/08.heap/heap07.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+void k_heapBMFree(KHEAPBM *heap, void *ptr) {
+	KHEAPBLOCKBM		*b;	
+	uintptr_t		ptroff;
+	uint32_t		bi, x;
+	uint8_t			*bm;
+	uint8_t			id;
+	uint32_t		max;
+ 
+	for (b = heap->fblock; b; b = b->next) {
+		if ((uintptr_t)ptr > (uintptr_t)b && (uintptr_t)ptr < (uintptr_t)b + sizeof(KHEAPBLOCKBM) + b->size) {
+			/* found block */
+			ptroff = (uintptr_t)ptr - (uintptr_t)&b[1];  /* get offset to get block */
+			/* block offset in BM */
+			bi = ptroff / b->bsize;
+			/* .. */
+			bm = (uint8_t*)&b[1];
+			/* clear allocation */
+			id = bm[bi];
+			/* oddly.. GCC did not optimize this */
+			max = b->size / b->bsize;
+			for (x = bi; bm[x] == id && x < max; ++x) {
+				bm[x] = 0;
+			}
+			/* update free block count */
+			b->used -= x - bi;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+ 
+	/* this error needs to be raised or reported somehow */
+	return;
+}
diff --git a/include/08.heap/heap08.c b/include/08.heap/heap08.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05cf132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/08.heap/heap08.c
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+KHEAPBM kheap;
+void kheapinit()
+{
+    k_heapBMInit(&kheap);
+}
+int kheapaddblock(uintptr_t addr,uint32_t size,uint32_t bsize)
+{
+    return k_heapBMAddBlock(&kheap,addr,size,bsize);
+}
diff --git a/include/08.heap/heap09.c b/include/08.heap/heap09.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6874578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/08.heap/heap09.c
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+void *kmalloc(uint32_t size)
+{
+    return k_heapBMAlloc(&kheap,size);
+
+}
+void kfree(void *ptr)
+{
+    k_heapBMFree(&kheap,ptr);
+}
diff --git a/include/09.paging/paging00.c b/include/09.paging/paging00.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c45e28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/09.paging/paging00.c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include<types.h>
diff --git a/include/09.paging/paging01.c b/include/09.paging/paging01.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0789338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/09.paging/paging01.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+extern void loadPageDirectory(uint32_t*);
+extern void enablePaging();
+uint32_t page_directory[1024] __attribute__((aligned(4096)));
diff --git a/include/09.paging/paging02.c b/include/09.paging/paging02.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c00c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/09.paging/paging02.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+void set_pd()
+{
+    //set each entry to not present
+    for(size_t i=0;i<1024;i++)
+    {
+	// This sets the following flags to the pages:
+	//   Supervisor: Only kernel-mode can access them
+	//   Write Enabled: It can be both read from and written to
+	//   Not Present: The page table is not present
+	page_directory[i] = 0x00000002;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/include/09.paging/paging03.c b/include/09.paging/paging03.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57f997d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/09.paging/paging03.c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uint32_t page_table[1024][1024] __attribute__((aligned(4096)));
diff --git a/include/09.paging/paging04.c b/include/09.paging/paging04.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad7507f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/09.paging/paging04.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+void set_pt(size_t num,uint32_t address)
+{
+    // holds the physical address where we want to start mapping these pages to.
+    // in this case, we want to map these pages to the very beginning of memory.
+    //we will fill all 1024 entries in the table, mapping 4 megabytes
+    for(size_t i=0;i<1024;i++)
+    {
+	// As the address is page aligned, it will always leave 12 bits zeroed.
+	// Those bits are used by the attributes ;)
+	page_table[num][i] = (address + i * 0x1000) | 3; // attributes: supervisor level, read/write, present.
+    }
+
+    page_directory[num] = ((uint32_t)page_table[num]) | 3;
+    // attributes: supervisor level, read/write, present
+}
diff --git a/include/09.paging/paging05.c b/include/09.paging/paging05.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d99797b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/09.paging/paging05.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+void set_paging()
+{
+    set_pd();
+    for(size_t i=0;i<1024;i++) set_pt(i,0x00400000 * i); // all 4GB mapped
+    loadPageDirectory(page_directory);
+    enablePaging();
+}
diff --git a/include/10.libc/asm.h b/include/10.libc/asm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f2a9e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/asm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef ASM_H
+#define ASM_H
+
+#include<types.h>
+
+extern uint8_t ioport_in(uint8_t port);
+extern void ioport_out(uint8_t port, char data);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/10.libc/errno.h b/include/10.libc/errno.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/errno.h
diff --git a/include/10.libc/heap.h b/include/10.libc/heap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa32f26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/heap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#ifndef HEAP_H
+#define HEAP_H
+
+#include<types.h>
+
+void kheapinit();
+int kheapaddblock(uintptr_t addr,uint32_t size,uint32_t bsize);
+void *kmalloc(uint32_t size);
+void kfree(void *ptr);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/10.libc/irq.h b/include/10.libc/irq.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58b3cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/irq.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef IRQ_H
+#define IRQ_H
+
+extern void irq0();
+extern void irq1();
+extern void irq2();
+extern void irq3();
+extern void irq4();
+extern void irq5();
+extern void irq6();
+extern void irq7();
+extern void irq8();
+extern void irq9();
+extern void irq10();
+extern void irq11();
+extern void irq12();
+extern void irq13();
+extern void irq14();
+extern void irq15();
+extern void irq16();
+extern void irq17();
+extern void irq18();
+extern void irq19();
+extern void irq20();
+extern void irq21();
+extern void irq22();
+extern void irq23();
+extern void irq24();
+extern void irq25();
+extern void irq26();
+extern void irq27();
+extern void irq28();
+extern void irq29();
+extern void irq30();
+extern void irq31();
+extern void timer_irq();
+extern void keyboard_irq();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/10.libc/stdio.h b/include/10.libc/stdio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45c9215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/stdio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#ifndef _STDIO_H
+#define _STDIO_H
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#define SEEK_SET 0
+typedef struct { int unused; } FILE;
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+extern FILE* stderr;
+#define stderr stderr
+int fclose(FILE*);
+int fflush(FILE*);
+FILE* fopen(const char*, const char*);
+int fprintf(FILE*, const char*, ...);
+size_t fread(void*, size_t, size_t, FILE*);
+int fseek(FILE*, long, int);
+long ftell(FILE*);
+size_t fwrite(const void*, size_t, size_t, FILE*);
+void setbuf(FILE*, char*);
+int vfprintf(FILE*, const char*, va_list);
+
+void printf(char *str, ...);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/include/10.libc/stdlib.h b/include/10.libc/stdlib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0afe38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/stdlib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#ifndef _STDLIB_H
+#define _STDLIB_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+void abort(void);
+int atexit(void (*)(void));
+int atoi(const char*);
+void free(void*);
+char* getenv(const char*);
+void* malloc(size_t);
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/include/10.libc/string.h b/include/10.libc/string.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bef5854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/string.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#ifndef _STRING_H
+#define _STRING_H
+#include <stddef.h>
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+void* memcpy(void*, const void*, size_t);
+void* memset(void*, int, size_t);
+char* strcpy(char*, const char*);
+size_t strlen(const char*);
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#include<types.h>
+
+size_t stringlen(char *str);
+bool stringcmp(char *str1,char *str2);
+void stringcat(char *str1,char *str2);
+void stringrev(char *str);
+void itos(uint32_t num,char *str);
+uint32_t stoi(const char *str);
+double stof(const char *str);
+void ftos(double num, char *str);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/10.libc/sys/types.h b/include/10.libc/sys/types.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f55189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/sys/types.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#ifndef _SYS_TYPES_H
+#define _SYS_TYPES_H
+typedef int pid_t;
+#endif
diff --git a/include/10.libc/time.h b/include/10.libc/time.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/time.h
diff --git a/include/10.libc/types.h b/include/10.libc/types.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6d6530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/types.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef TYPES_H
+#define TYPES_H
+
+#include<stdbool.h>
+#include<stddef.h>
+#include<stdint.h>
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/10.libc/unistd.h b/include/10.libc/unistd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6bfee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/unistd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef _UNISTD_H
+#define _UNISTD_H
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+int execv(const char*, char* const[]);
+int execve(const char*, char* const[], char* const[]);
+int execvp(const char*, char* const[]);
+pid_t fork(void);
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/include/10.libc/vga.h b/include/10.libc/vga.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb43644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/10.libc/vga.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#ifndef VGA_H
+#define VGA_H
+
+#include<types.h>
+
+static const size_t VGA_WIDTH = 80;
+static const size_t VGA_HEIGHT = 25;
+
+enum vga_color {
+    VGA_COLOR_BLACK = 0,
+    VGA_COLOR_DARK_BLUE = 1,
+    VGA_COLOR_GREEN = 2,
+    VGA_COLOR_TURQUOISE = 3,
+    VGA_COLOR_RED = 4,
+    VGA_COLOR_PURPLE = 5,
+    VGA_COLOR_BROWN = 6,
+    VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY = 7,
+    VGA_COLOR_DARK_GREY = 8,
+    VGA_COLOR_BLUE = 9,
+    VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREEN = 10,
+    VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE = 11,
+    VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_RED = 12,
+    VGA_COLOR_PINK = 13,
+    VGA_COLOR_YELLOW = 14,
+    VGA_COLOR_WHITE = 15,
+};
+void set_color(enum vga_color fg, enum vga_color bg);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/kernel.bib b/kernel.bib
index eb083df..4f51908 100644
--- a/kernel.bib
+++ b/kernel.bib
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+@misc{misc:1,

+    title = {Intel® 64 and IA-32 architectures software developer’s manual combined volumes: 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 4},

+    author = {Intel},

+    url = {https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/intel-sdm.html}

+}

+@misc{misc:2,

+    title = {OsDev Wiki},

+    url = {https://wiki.osdev.org/Expanded_Main_Page}

+}

 @book{book:1412,

    title =     {Algorithms},

    author =    {Sanjoy Dasgupta and Christos Papadimitriou and Umesh Vazirani},

diff --git a/kernel.pdf b/kernel.pdf
index 1cf89be..3d60808 100644
--- a/kernel.pdf
+++ b/kernel.pdf
diff --git a/kernel.tex b/kernel.tex
index 402ab92..59aaa95 100644
--- a/kernel.tex
+++ b/kernel.tex
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 \documentclass[a4paper,fleqn,12pt]{JMThesis}

 \usepackage{listings}

 \lstset{

-    language=make,

     basicstyle=\footnotesize,

     frame=single,

     showstringspaces=false,

     tabsize=8,

     escapeinside={<@}{@>},

 }

+\lstset{defaultdialect=[x86masm]Assembler}

 

 \usepackage[OT2]{fontenc}

 \newcommand\eng{\fontencoding{OT1}\fontfamily{\rmdefault}\selectfont}

@@ -31,11 +31,13 @@
 ]{biblatex}

 \bibliography{kernel}

 \renewcommand*{\bibfont}{\eng}

-\nocite{*}

 

 \newlength\tindent

 \setlength{\tindent}{\parindent}

 \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}

+\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}

+\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}

+\setlength{\parsep}{0pt}

 \renewcommand{\indent}{\hspace*{\tindent}}

 

 \oddsidemargin 1cm

@@ -118,26 +120,7 @@
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

 \chapter{Uvod}

 \bigskip

-%\cite{book:1412}

-%\cite{book:2759472}

-%\cite{book:1309309}

-%\cite{book:917849}

-%\cite{book:2535395}

-%\cite{book:915673}

-%\cite{book:2560474}

-%\cite{book:821745}

-%\cite{book:924556}

-%\cite{book:748936}

-%\cite{book:2398655}

-%\cite{book:658757}

-%\cite{book:1400099}

-%\cite{book:1310096}

-%\cite{book:441007}

-%\cite{book:690930}

-%\cite{book:2751214}

-%\cite{book:78583}

-%\cite{book:78575}

-%\cite{book:1505234}

+

 Ideja za ovaj rad prozishla je iz ekstenzivnog korish\/c1enja {\eng GNU/Linux}

 sistema, kao i zhelja za razumevanjem rada rachunara na najnizhem nivou.

 

@@ -148,67 +131,180 @@ Sav kod je dostupan pod {\eng GPLv3} licencom.
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

-\chapter{Teorija}

+\chapter{{\eng X86} arhitektura}

 \bigskip

 

-\section{{\eng X86} arhitektura}

-\medskip

-{\eng X86} arhitektura je probitno bila 8bitna (sadrzhala je registre duzhine 8

+{\eng X86} arhitektura je probitno bila osmobitna (sadrzhala je registre duzhine 8

 bitova), 16bitna, zatim 32bitna i na kraju 64bitna. Danas 64bitnu {\eng X86}

-arhitekturu znamo kao i {\eng{} AMD64}, {\eng X86-64} ili {\eng X86\_64}.

+arhitekturu znamo kao i {\eng{} AMD64}, {\eng X86-64} ili {\eng X86\_64}.\\

 

-Zajedno sa {\eng ARM}-om jedna od najkorish\/c1enijih arhitektura.

+Zajedno sa {\eng ARM}-om jedna od najkorish\/c1enijih arhitektura danashnjice.

 

-\subsection{Registri procesora}

-\smallskip

-Postoji vishe vrsta registara procesora:

-16bitni registri opshte namene: {\eng ax,bx,cx,dx}.

+\section{Registri procesora}

+\medskip

 

-{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/CPU_Registers_x86}}

+Postoji vishe vrsta registara procesora\cite[75]{misc:1}. Neki od osnovnih

+registara koje je potrebno pomenuti dati su u tekstu koji sledi. Razlog zbog

+kojeg su navedena i imena registara prethodnih verzija {\eng X86} arhitekture

+je zbog toga sto je moguc1e adresirati prvih {\eng x} bitova ako se koristi ime

+registra za {\eng x}-tobitnu verziju te arhitekture. Naravno, ovo vazhi samo

+ukoliko je duzhina registra vec1a ili jednaka duzhini registra chiju notaciju

+koristimo.\\

+

+Registri opshte namene:\\[1mm]

+{\eng\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}

+\hline

+8bit & al & bl & cl & dl & sil & dil & spl & bpl \\

+\hline

+16bit & ax & bx & cx & dx & si & di & sp & bp \\

+\hline

+32bit & eax & ebx & ecx & edx & esi & edi & esp & ebp \\

+\hline

+64bit & rax & rbx & rcx & rdx & rsi & rdi & rsp & rdp \\

+\hline

+\end{tabular}}\\

+

+Segmentni registri:\\[1mm]

+{\eng\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}

+\hline

+cs & ds & ss & es & fs & gs \\

+\hline

+\end{tabular}}\\

+

+Kontrolni registri:\\[1mm]

+{\eng\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}

+\hline

+cr0 & cr2 & cr3 & cr4 & cr8 \\

+\hline

+\end{tabular}}\\

+

+Sistemski registri koji su pokazivachi na tabele:\\[1mm]

+{\eng\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}

+\hline

+gdtr & ldtr & idtr \\

+\hline

+\end{tabular}}\\

+

+Osim pomenutih, pochev od 16bit-ne {\eng X86} arhitekture postoje i registri

+{\eng ah, bh, ch, dh (h-higher)} koji predstavljaju gornju polovinu (od 9. do

+16. bita) {\eng ax,bx,cx,dx} registara redom. U daljem tekstu bic1e prikazan

+odnos izmedju registara o kome je ranije bilo rechi, kao i prikaz i na to od

+kog do kog bita se odnosi data notacija.\\

+

+{\eng\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}

+63-56 & 55-48 & 47-40 & 39-32 & 31-24 & 23-16 & 15-8 & 7-0 \\

+\hline

+&&&&&& ah & al \\

+\hline

+&&&&&& \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{ax} \\

+\hline

+&&&& \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{eax} \\

+\hline

+\multicolumn{8}{|c|}{rax} \\

+\hline

+\end{tabular}}\\

+

+Primetimo da ukoliko nas interesuje vrednost drugog bajta u 64bitnoj {\eng X86}

+arhitekturi, do nje mozhemo doc1i na 4 nachina:

+{\eng ah, ax\&0xFF00, eax\&0x0000FF00} ili {\eng rax\&0x000000000000FF00}.

+

+

+\section{Registri opshte namene}

+\medskip

 

-\subsection{{\eng 32bit i686}}

-\smallskip

-32bitni registri opshte namene: {\eng eax,ebx,ecx,edx}.

-64bitni registri opshte namene: {\eng rax,rbx,rcx,rdx}.

+Registri opshte namene imaju ulogu u chuvanju operandi i pokazivacha:

+\begin{itemize}

+\item Operandi za logichke i aritmeticke operacije

+\item Operandi za adresne kalkulacije

+\item Pokazivace na memorijsku lokaciju

+\end{itemize}

+

+Specifichna uloga registara opshte namene:

+\begin{itemize}

+\item {\eng eax} - akumulator za operande i podatke rezultata

+\item {\eng ebx} - pokazivach na podatke u {\eng ds} segmentu

+\item {\eng ecx} - brojach za petlje i operacije nad stringovima

+\item {\eng edx} - pokazivach na U/I

+\item {\eng esi} - pokazivach na podatke na koji pokazuje {\eng ds} registar;

+    pochetni pokazivach za operacije nad stringovima

+\item {\eng edi} - pokazivach na podatke u segmentu na koji pokazuje {\eng es}

+    registar; krajnji pokazivach za operacije nad stringovima

+\item {\eng esp} - pokazivach na pochetak steka

+\item {\eng ebp} - pokazivach na podatke u steku

+

+\end{itemize}

+

+\section{Segmentni registri}

+\medskip

+

+Segmentni registri sadrzhe 16bitne selektore segmenta. Selektor segmenta je

+specijalan pokazivach koji identifikuje segment u memoriji. Da bi pristupili

+odredjenom segmentu u memoriji, selektor segmenta koji pokazuje na taj segment

+mora biti dostupan u odgovarajuc1em segmentnom registru.

+

+Specifichna uloga segmentnih registara:

+\begin{itemize}

+\item {\eng cs - code segment}. {\eng cs} registar sadrzhi selektor segmenta

+    koji pokazuje na segment koda u kome se nalaze instrukcije koje se

+    izvrshavaju.

+\item {\eng ds - data segment}. Osim {\eng ds}, segmentni registri za segmente

+    podataka su i {\eng es, fs}, kao i {\eng gs}.

+\item {\eng ss - stack segment} {\eng ss} registar sadrzhi selektor segmenta

+    koji pokazuje na segment steka gde se chuva stek programa koji se trenutno

+    izvrshava. Za razliku od registra za segment koda, {\eng ss} registar

+    se mozhe eksplicitno postaviti shto dozvoljava aplikacijama da postave

+    vishe stekova i da alterniraju izmedju njih.

+\end{itemize}

+

+

+\section{{\eng Real mode}}

+\medskip

 

-\subsection{{\eng Real mode}}

-\smallskip

 Realni mod je stanje procesora u kojem nam je dozvoljeno adresiranje samo prvih

 20mb memorije. Prelazak iz realnog u zasticeni mod postizhe se dalekim skokom

 {\eng "far jump"}.

 

 {\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Real_Mode}}

 

-\subsection{Segmentacija}

-\smallskip

+\section{Segmentacija}

+\medskip

+

 Segmentacija je reshenje kojim se omoguc1ava adresiranje vishe memorije nego

 shto je to hardverski predvidjeno.

 

 {\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Segmentation}}

 

-\subsection{{\eng Protected mode}}

-\smallskip

+\section{{\eng Protected mode}}

+\medskip

+

 Zashtic1en mod je stanje procesora u kojem procesor ima pun pristup celom opsegu

 memorije za razliku od realnog moda.

 

 {\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Protected_Mode}}

 

+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

+\chapter{{\eng Boot}}

+

 \section{Redosled pokretanja}

-\smallskip

+\medskip

+

 Od pritiska dugmeta za paljenje rachunara, pa do uchitavanja operativnog sitema

 postoji ceo jedan proces. Nakon pritiska dugmeta rachunar prvo izvrshava {\eng

-POST (Power On Self Test)} koji je jedna od pochetnih faza {\eng BIOS (Basic

-Input Output System)}. U {\eng POST}-u rachunar pokushava da incijalizuje

-komponente rachunarskog sistema i proverava da li one ispunjavaju sve uslove za

-startovanje rachunara. Ukoliko je ceo proces proshao bez greshaka nastavlja se

-dalje izvrshavanje {\eng BIOS}-a. {\eng BIOS} sada ima ulogu da pronadje

-medijum koji sadrzhi program koji c1e uchitati jezgro operativnog sistema u ram

-memoriju rachunara. Taj program se naziva {\eng Bootloader}.

+POST (Power On Self Test)} koji je jedna od pochetnih faza {\eng BIOS}-a {\eng

+(Basic Input Output System)}. U {\eng POST}-u rachunar pokushava da

+incijalizuje komponente rachunarskog sistema i proverava da li one ispunjavaju

+sve uslove za startovanje rachunara. Ukoliko je ceo proces proshao bez greshaka

+nastavlja se dalje izvrshavanje {\eng BIOS}-a. {\eng BIOS} sada ima ulogu da

+pronadje medijum koji sadrzhi program koji c1e uchitati jezgro operativnog

+sistema u ram memoriju rachunara. Taj program se naziva {\eng Bootloader}.

 

 {\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Boot_Sequence}}

 

-\subsection{{\eng Bootloader}}

-\smallskip

+\section{{\eng Bootloader}}

+\medskip

+

 {\eng Bootloader} je program koji se nalazi u prvih 512bitova medijuma, i

 njegov zadatak je da uchita jezgro operativnog sistema u ram memoriju i preda

 mu dalje upravljanje.

@@ -217,6 +313,7 @@ mu dalje upravljanje.
 

 \section{{\eng ELF}}

 \medskip

+

 {\eng ELF} je format binarni fajl koji se sastoji od tachno odredjenih sekcija

 i koji mozhe da se pokrene.

 

@@ -227,32 +324,40 @@ i koji mozhe da se pokrene.
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

 \chapter{Korish\/c1eni alati}

 \bigskip

-U daljem tekstu se mogu videti neki od alata korish\/c1enih u kreiranju ovog rada.

 

-Svi korish\/c1eni alati poseduju {\eng GPLv2} ili {\eng GPLv3} licencu. {\eng

-GNU Public Licence} je licenca otvorenog koda koja dozvoljava modifikovanje i

-distribuiranje koda sve dok taj je taj kod javno dostupan.

-

-Jedini program sa liste koji nije {\eng GNU}-ov je {\eng QEMU} virtualna mashina.

+U daljem tekstu se mogu videti neki od alata korish\/c1enih u kreiranju ovog

+rada. Svi korish\/c1eni alati poseduju {\eng GPLv2} ili {\eng GPLv3} licencu.

+{\eng GNU Public Licence} je licenca otvorenog koda koja dozvoljava

+modifikovanje i distribuiranje koda sve dok taj je taj kod javno dostupan.

+Jedini program sa liste koji nije {\eng GNU}-ov je {\eng QEMU} virtualna

+mashina.\\

 

 Operativni sistem korish\/c1en u izradi ovog projekta je {\eng Artix Linux}.

 {\eng Artix Linux} je {\eng GNU/Linux} distribucija bazirana na {\eng Arch Linux}-u.

 Vec1ina korish\/c1enih programa je vec1 kompajlovana i spremna za upotrebu i

-nalazi se u oficijalnim repozitorijima.

+nalazi se u oficijalnim repozitorijima.\\

 

 Za programe koji su morali biti manuelno kompajlovani date su instrukcije u

-daljem tekstu.

+njihovoj podsekciji. Jedini programi koji su morali biti kompajlovani su {\eng

+binutils} i {\eng gcc} i to da ne bi koristili standardnu biblioteku koju nam

+je obezbedio operativni sistem domac1in (onaj na kome se kompajluje ovaj

+projekat). Za ostale programe koji su korisc1eni preporuka je koristiti one

+koji su dostupni kao spremni paketi u izvorima odabrane distrubucije {\eng

+GNU/Linux}-a.

 

 \section{{\eng Binutils}}

 \medskip

+

 Izvorni kod softvera se mozhe nac1i na stranici

 {\eng\url{https://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/}},

 zajedno sa uput\/stvom za kompajlovanje i korish\/c1enje.

 

-Ovaj paket sadrzhi programe neophodne za kompajlovanje kao shto su asembler i linker.

+Ovaj softverski paket sadrzhi programe neophodne za kompajlovanje kao shto su

+asembler i linker.

 

-\subsection{Pre dodavanja {\eng LIBC}}

+\subsection{Pre dodavanja {\eng C} biblioteke}

 \smallskip

+

 Iz razloga shto se ne koristi standardna biblioteka vec1 samostalno napisana

 specificno za ovaj projekat, potrebno je manuelno kompajlovati {\eng GNU Binutils}.

 Medjutim, postoji moguc1nost korish\/c1enja vec1 spremnog paketa koji se za

@@ -264,40 +369,44 @@ nashe {\eng C} biblioteke biti neophodno kompajlovati ovaj program za svaki
 sistem posebno.

 

 Za one koje zhele sami da kompajluju dat je deo instrukcija koji se razlikuje

-od uput\/stva datog na zvanichnom sajtu a tiche se konfigurisanja pre kompilacije.

+od uput\/stva datog na zvanichnom sajtu a tiche se konfigurisanja pre kompilacije.\\

 

-\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[]{include/binutils/binutils1}\srb\end{minipage}

-\subsection{Posle dodavanja {\eng LIBC}}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=make]{include/00.alati/binutils/binutils1}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+\subsection{Nakon dodavanja  {\eng C} biblioteke}

 \smallskip

+

 Nakon dodavanja nashe {\eng C} biblioteke potrebno je kompajlovati {\eng GNU

 Binutils} tako da tu biblioteku i koristi prilikom kompajlovanja nasheg

 operativnog sistema.

 \textbf{Napomena:} Potrebno je postaviti {\eng \$SYSROOT} na lokaciju gde se biblioteka nalazi.

-To je moguc1e uraditi na sledec1i nachin:

+To je moguc1e uraditi na sledec1i nachin:\\

 

-\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[]{include/binutils/exportsysroot}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=make]{include/00.alati/binutils/exportsysroot}\srb\end{minipage}

 

 Instukcije za kompajlovanje date su u nastavku:

 

-\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[]{include/binutils/binutils2}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=make]{include/00.alati/binutils/binutils2}\srb\end{minipage}

 

 \subsection{{\eng GNU Asembler}}

 \smallskip

-Iako trenutno postoje mnogo popularnije alternative poput {\eng

-NASM(Netwide Assembler)} i {\eng MASM(Microsoft Assembler )} koji koriste

-noviju Intelovu sintaksu, ipak sam izabrao {\eng GASM} zbog kompatibilnosti sa

-{\eng GCC} kompajlerom. {\eng GASM} kosristi stariju {\eng AT\&T} sintaksu koju

+Iako trenutno postoje mnogo popularnije alternative poput {\eng NASM (Netwide

+Assembler)} i {\eng MASM (Microsoft Assembler)} koji koriste noviju Intelovu

+sintaksu, autor se ipak odluchio za {\eng GASM} zbog kompatibilnosti sa {\eng

+GCC} kompajlerom. {\eng GASM} kosristi stariju {\eng AT\&T} sintaksu koju

 karakterishe: obrnut poredak parametara, prefiks pre imena registara i

 vrednosti konstanti, a i velichina parametara mora biti definisana. Zbog toga

 c1e mozhda nekim chitaocima biti koristan program {\eng "intel2gas"} koji se za

-{\eng Arch Linux} mozhe nac1i na stanici {\eng\url{https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/intel2gas/}}.

+{\eng Arch Linux} mozhe nac1i na stanici

+{\eng\url{https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/intel2gas/}}.\\

 

 Ovaj program je korish\/c1en za kompajlovanje dela koda napisanog u asembleru.

 

 \subsection{{\eng GNU Linker}}

 \smallskip

-Ovaj program je korish\/c1en za linkovanje("spajanje") svog komapjlovanog koda

-u jednu binarnu datoteku koja predstavlja kernel.

+

+Ovaj program je korish\/c1en za linkovanje, tj. "spajanje" svog komapjlovanog koda

+u jednu binarnu datoteku tipa {\eng ELF} koja predstavlja kernel.

 

 \section{{\eng GCC}}

 \medskip

@@ -312,10 +421,10 @@ zajedno sa uput\/stvom za kompajlovanje i korish\/c1enje.
 

 \subsection{Pre dodavanja {\eng LIBC}}

 \smallskip

-\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[]{include/gcc/gcc1}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=make]{include/00.alati/gcc/gcc1}\srb\end{minipage}

 \subsection{Posle dodavanja {\eng LIBC}}

 \smallskip

-\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[]{include/gcc/gcc2}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=make]{include/00.alati/gcc/gcc2}\srb\end{minipage}

 

 \section{{\eng GRUB}}

 \medskip

@@ -343,6 +452,7 @@ interface)} iz koga se lako mozhe pozivati iz skripti kao shto su {\eng Makefile
 Izvorni kod softvera se mozhe nac1i na stranici

 {\eng\url{https://www.gnu.org/software/make/}}

 zajedno sa uput\/stvom za kompajlovanje i korish\/c1enje.

+\cite{book:78575}.

 

 {\eng Make} nam omoguc1ava da sa lakoc1om odrzhavamo i manipulishemo izvornim

 fajlovima. Moguc1e je sve kompajlovati, obrisati, kreirati {\eng iso} fajl kao

@@ -353,6 +463,10 @@ objasnjen u daljem tekstu.
 \section{Manje bitni alati}

 \medskip

 

+\subsection{{\eng NeoVim}}

+{\eng NeoVim} je tekst editor nastao od {\eng Vim}-a ({\eng Vi improved}).

+\cite{book:78583}.

+

 \subsection{{\eng git}}

 \smallskip

 Izvorni kod softvera se mozhe nac1i na stranici

@@ -382,121 +496,184 @@ ili {\eng USB} flesh sa kojih se kasnije dizhe sistem.
 \medskip

 {\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Bare_Bones}}

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

-

-\section{Ispis na ekran - {\eng VGA}}

-\medskip

+{\eng as/boot.s}:\\

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=Assembler]{include/01.pocetak/boot00.s}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=Assembler]{include/01.pocetak/boot01.s}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=Assembler]{include/01.pocetak/boot02.s}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=Assembler]{include/01.pocetak/boot03.s}\srb\end{minipage}

 

-\section{{\eng LIBC} pochetak}

+\section{Ispis na ekran - {\eng VGA}}

 \medskip

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

+{\eng c/vga.c}:\\

+

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga00.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga01.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga02.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga03.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga04.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga05.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga06.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga07.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga08.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga09.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga10.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/02.vga/vga11.c}\srb\end{minipage}

 

-\section{Globalni konstruktori, zashtita steka}

+\section{{\eng Global Desctiptor Table}}

 \medskip

-{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Calling_Global_Constructors}}

 

-{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Stack_Smashing_Protector}}

+{\eng c/gdt.c}:\\

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/03.gdt/gdt00.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/03.gdt/gdt01.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/03.gdt/gdt02.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/03.gdt/gdt03.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/03.gdt/gdt04.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/03.gdt/gdt05.c}\srb\end{minipage}

 

-\section{{\eng Global Desctiptor Table}}

-\medskip

 {\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/GDT}}

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

-

 \section{{\eng Interrupt Desctiptor Table}}

 \medskip

-{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/IDT}}

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

+{\eng c/idt.c}:\\

+

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/04.idt/idt00.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/04.idt/idt01.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/04.idt/idt02.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/04.idt/idt03.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/04.idt/idt04.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/04.idt/idt05.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/04.idt/idt06.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/IDT}}

 

 \section{{\eng IRQ} i {\eng PIC}}

 \medskip

+{\eng c/idt.c}:\\

+

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/05.irq/idt07.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/05.irq/idt08.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+

 {\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/IRQ}}

 {\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/PIC}}

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

-

 \section{Tastatura}

 \medskip

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

+{\eng c/keyboard.c}:\\

+

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard00.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard01.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard02.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard03.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard04.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard05.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard06.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard07.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard08.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard09.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard10.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard11.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/06.keyboard/keyboard12.c}\srb\end{minipage}

 

 \section{{\eng PIT - Programmable Interval Timer}}

 \medskip

-{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/PIT}}

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

+{\eng c/timer.c}:\\

+

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/07.pit/pit00.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/07.pit/pit01.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/07.pit/pit02.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/07.pit/pit03.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/PIT}}

 

 \section{{\eng Heap}}

 \medskip

-{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Heap}}

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

+{\eng c/heap.c}:\\

+

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/08.heap/heap00.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/08.heap/heap01.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/08.heap/heap02.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/08.heap/heap03.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/08.heap/heap04.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/08.heap/heap05.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/08.heap/heap06.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/08.heap/heap07.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/08.heap/heap08.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/08.heap/heap09.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Heap}}

 

 \section{{\eng Paging}}

 \medskip

-{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Paging}}

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

+{\eng c/paging.c}:\\

+

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/09.paging/paging00.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/09.paging/paging01.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/09.paging/paging02.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/09.paging/paging03.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/09.paging/paging04.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/09.paging/paging05.c}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Paging}}

 

 \section{Moj {\eng LIBC}}

 \medskip

 {\eng\url{https://wiki.osdev.org/Creating_a_C_Library}}

 

-\subsection{Teorija}

-\smallskip

-\subsection{Implementacija}

-\smallskip

+{\eng include/asm.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/asm.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/errno.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/errno.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/heap.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/heap.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/irq.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/irq.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/stdio.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/stdio.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/stdlib.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/stdlib.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/string.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/string.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/time.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/time.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/types.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/types.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/unistd.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/unistd.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/vga.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/vga.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

+{\eng include/sys/types.h}:\\

+\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\eng\lstinputlisting[language=C]{include/10.libc/sys/types.h}\srb\end{minipage}

+

 

 

 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

 \chapter{Zakljuchak}

-Ovaj projekat je bio sjajna prilika da testiram granice svog znanja.

+Ovaj projekat je bio sjajan pokazatelj koliko je zapravo kompleksno.

 

 \thispagestyle{empty}

 \mbox{}

 \clearpage

 

+\nocite{*}

 \printbibliography[heading=bibintoc,title={Literatura}]